Dart
Dart
HTML Canvas
HTML Canvas
Redis
Redis
Bash
Bash
JavaScript
JavaScript

Apache Cheat Sheet

The Apache HTTP Server is a free and open-source cross-platform web server software, released under the terms of Apache License 2.0.

Server
Php
Web Server
Apache Cheat Sheet
Apache
Lamp
Osx
Mysql
Apache2
Web-Building

Apache General

Database normalization

FIRST NORMAL FORM
NO repeating columns containing same type of data
ALL columns contain a single value
Unique PRIMARY KEY for each row

SECOND NORMAL FORM
Table must be in First Normal Form
Create new tables for any data that is repeated in columns
Each new table needs a unique PRIMARY KEY for each row. 
AUTO_INCREMENT
can do this.

THIRD NORMAL FORM
Table must be in First and Second Normal Form. This is usually all that is necessary.
Any data that is not dependent on a primary key, but is dependent on another value, should be removed to another table. This is a very strict use of normalization.

Database Access Information

Directory for include files
[docroot]/inc
MySQL Login file
db_conn.php
PHP include line
 
require_once 'inc/db_conn.php';
[docroot]/inc/db_conn.php
<?php

// credentials for connecting to database

$host = 'hostname';  //database hostname

$user = 'db_user';  //database username

$pw = 'db_user_pw';  //database user password

$db = 'database';  //mysql database name

?>

If you lock yourself out of phpmyadmin:

...by turning on no password IN phpmyadmin:
At the command line:
$ sudo mysql

mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR root@localhost=PASSWORD('letmein');

mysql> quit;

Now use username root and password letmein

Install phpmyadmin

- Download phpmyadmin
- Make new directory in the document root: 
sudo mkdir phpmyadmin

- Make it writeable by owner (which could be root): 
sudo chmod 755 phpmyadmin

- Unzip or unpack the zip file and copy to new directory
Also see: phpmyadmin setup doc
- From 
localhost/phpmyadmin/setup
, create a new server connection by clicking New server
- Under Authentication tab, enter 
root
as user and new password for root
Then click Save.
- Now navigate to 
localhost/phpmyadmin

Install MySQL

- Download from https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql
- Choose the version for your OS
- Click “No thanks, just start my download”
- Go through the download process
- Make sure you copy the password for root@localhost
- Start MySQL Server
- Add 
/usr/local/mysql/bin
to path in 
.bash_profile


To update password, see "If you lock yourself out of phpmyadmin"

Turn on PHP

At the terminal, type: $> 
sudo vi /etc/apache2/httpd.conf

Uncomment: 
#LoadModule php7_module libexec/apache2/libphp7.so

Save file then restart apache: $> 
sudo apachectl restart


In the document root: $> 
sudo vi index.php

Enter:
<?php

phpinfo();

?>

Save file then restart apache: $> 
sudo apachectl restart

In a browser, type: 
localhost/index.php

Apache General Information

Apache Doc Root Directory
/Library/WebServer/Documents
httpd.conf lives in:
/etc/apache2/httpd.conf
localhost web access
http://localhost/index.php
Other docs and dirs in Document Root
phpinfo.php, phpmyadmin, php.ini, inc/
bash alias
 
docroot='cd /Library/WebServer/Documents\'

Turn on apache

- At the terminal, type: > 
sudo apachectl start

- In a browser type: 
localhost
or 
localhost/index.html

- If you see: It Works!, it works.

Helpful Links

Directives

RewriteBase
specifies the URL prefix to be used for per-directory (htaccess) 
RewriteRule
directives that substitute a relative path
RewriteCond
These directives may precede 
RewriteRule
. For rule that matches URL it will trigger rewriting only if all it's conditions evaluate to true
RewriteEngine
Enable or disable rewriting
RewriteMap
Used for values mapping in substitutions of 
RewriteRule
. Map values from files, databases, external functions etc.
RewriteOptions
Specifies rewriting options for server of directory
RewriteRule
Manch the URL, make substitution(s). This directive only used for matching against URL path. For matching port, scheme, query string use 
RewriteCond

Logging

mod_rewrite
logging can be enabled in apache configuration file with 
LogLevel
directive. Possible levels are from 
trace1
to 
trace8
. Log levels higher than 2 should be used only for debugging.
Config example: 
LogLevel alert rewrite:trace3

RewriteRule flags

B
Escape non-alphanumerical characters before substitution
BNP
Escape space as %20 and not +
C
Chain the rules. It this rule fails, the chained one will be skipped
CO
Set a cookie
DPI
Discard path info of the URL
END
Stop all rewriting imeediately
F
Return 403 Forbidden
G
Return 410 Gone
H
Send to specific content handler
L
Stop rewriting on this rule
N
Re-run rewriting from the first rule
NC
Case-insensitive
NE
Do not hex-escape special characters
NS
Skip rule if it's a subrequest
P
PT
QSA
Add query string
QSD
Discard query string
QSL
Treat the last ? as QS delimiter
R
Redirect with code
S
Skip next N rules
T
Set the MIME-type
Multiple flags should be comma-separated

RewriteRule substitutions

path
When rule is configured in server context and file system path does exist
URL
A relative path to the resource to be served
-
Do not substitute anything
$N
Reference to capturing group in 
RewriteRule
pattern
%N
Reference to capturing group in 
RewriteCond
%{VARNAME}
Server variable
${map:key|default}
Mapping function

RewriteRule syntax

RewriteRule Pattern Substitution [flags]

Links