# Display messages in kernel ring buffer
dmesg
# Reports information about the cpu and processing units
lscpu
# Extracts the information from different /proc files
lshw -short
# Report detailed and brief information about multiple different hardware components
hwinfo --short
# Lists out all the PCI buses and details about the devices connected to them
lspci
# Display USB devices
lsusb
# Lists out the scsi/sata devices like hard drives and optical drives
lsscsi
# Display CPU information
cat /proc/cpuinfo
# Display memory information
cat /proc/meminfo
# Display DMI/SMBIOS (hardware info) from the BIOS
dmidecode
# Show info about disk sda
hdparm -i /dev/sda
# Perform a read speed test on disk sda
hdparm -tT /dev/sda
# Test for unreadable blocks on disk sda
badblocks -s /dev/sda
# List out information all block devices
lsblk
# Reports various partitions, their mount points and the used and available space on each
df -H
# Mount/unmount and view mounted file systems
mount | column -t
# Filter out only those file systems that you want to see
mount | column -t | grep ext
# Check the amount of used, free and total amount of RAM on system with the free command.
free -m
# Gets information about sata devices like hard disks
sudo hdparm -i /dev/sda
# CPU information
cat /proc/cpuinfo
# Memory information
cat /proc/meminfo
# Linux/kernel information
cat /proc/version