Linux Cheat Sheet

Linux is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds.

Linux General

Package management

apt update	update the local package index with the latest changes made in the repositories
apt upgrade	upgrade installed packages
apt install package	install package
apt remove package	remove installed package
systemctl start service	start service
systemctl status service	check the status of service
systemctl stop service	stop service
systemctl enable service	enable the service to start at system startup

cron jobs

at time	schedule command to run at time
atq	view pending jobs
atrm 2	remove job 2 from the scheduled commands
crontab -e	set cron jobs
0 2 * * * /dir1/script.sh	run script /dir1/script.sh at 2pm daily
crontab -l	show the list the cron jobs of current user

Compress and archive

tar -cf /dir1/backup.tar /dir2	create tar archive file /dir1/backup.tar for /dir2
tar -xvf /dir1/backup.tar -C /dir2/	extract tar archive file /dir1/backup.tar to /dir2/

Text search and manipulation

grep text file1	display the lines that contains text in file1
grep -ni text file1	ignore the case and display line numbers of the matched lines
awk -F',' '{print $1"@"$3}'	print col1@col3
awk -F'\t' '/str/ {print $0}'	print line with str

User and Group Management

useradd user1	create user1 user account
passwd user1	create password for user1 user
su	switch user account
exit	logout user
userdel user1	delete user account user1
usermod -l user2 user1	change user1 login name to user2
groupadd group1	add group group1
groupdel group1	delete group group1
gpasswd -a user1 group1	add single user user1 to group group1
gpasswd -M user1,user2 group1	add multiple users user1 user2 to group group1
gpasswd -d user1 group1	remove user user1 from group group1
gpasswd -A user1 group1	make user1 as admin of group1

System and process monitoring

uptime	show current uptime
df	show disk usage
du	show directory space usage
free	show memory and swap usage
ps	show all current active processes
top	task manager program displays information about CPU and memory utilization
kill pid	kill process with process id pid
bg	list stopped or background jobs
lsof	Lists all files opened by any process of a system
lsof -u user1	Lists all files opened by user1

Networking

ifconfig or ip addr	show ip address
nmcli con show	show list of connections
nslookup	queries the DNS server for information about a domain name or IP address
iptables	sets up, maintains, and inspects the tables of IPv4/IPv6 packet filter rules in the Linux kernel firewall
ping host	send packets to host to check the connectivity
ping -c 5 host	send 5 packets to host
curl	facilitates the transfer of data to or from a server, using any of the protocols it supports
netstat	Displays network connections and network statistics, such as active sockets, routing tables, and network interface statistics
ss-keygen	Creates a pair of public and private authentication keys
ssh user@host	connect user to host using ssh
scp file1 user1@host:/dir	copy file1 from local to remote host host to /dir location

Working with directory and files

mkdir dir	create single directory dir
mkdir dir1 dir2	create multiple directories dir1 dir2
mkdir -p dir/a/b/c	create nested directory dir/a/b/c
mkdir dir{1..10}	created 10 numbered directories from dir1 to dir10
rm -r dir	remove dir recursively
touch file	create empty file file
touch file1 file2	create multiple files file1 file2
touch file{1..10}	create 10 numbered files from file1 to file10
cp -rf /dir/file1 /dir2	copy file file1 to dir2 directory recursively and forcefully
mv /dir/file1 /dir2	move file file1 to dir2 directory
rm file1	remove file file1
ls -al	show files - both regular & hidden files and their permissions
cat file1	display contents of file1
find /dir1 -name file1	find file1 under /dir1 directory
find /dir1 -perm 664	find all files/directories with read, write permission to owner and group, read permission for others in directory dir1
find /dir1 -empty -exec rm -r {}**	find and remove all empty files/directories from /dir1
wc -l file1	count the number of lines in file1
wc -w file1	count the number of words in "file1*
head file1	display top 10 lines of file1
head -n 20 file1	display top 20 lines of file1
tail file1	display last 10 lines of file1
tail -n 20 file1	display last 20 lines of file1

Basic info

pwd	show present working directory
uname	show name of the kernel
uname -r	show kernel version
cd	change directory
clear	clear the screen
whoami	show current login user name
history	show list of previously used commands
date	show time and date
echo "Hello"	display Hello text
sudo	run commands as super user

File Permission Numbers

Calculate permission digits by adding numbers below
4	read (r)
2	write (w)
1	execute (x)

Nano Shortcuts

Files
Ctrl-R	Read file
Ctrl-O	Save file
Ctrl-X	Close file
Cut and Paste
ALT-A	Start marking text
CTRL-K	Cut marked text or line
CTRL-U	Paste text
Navigate File
ALT-/	End of file
CTRL-A	Beginning of line
CTRL-E	End of line
CTRL-C	Show line number
CTRL-_	Go to line number
Search File
CTRL-W	Find

Directory Operations

pwd	Show current directory
mkdir dir	Make directory dir
cd dir	Change directory to dir
cd ..	Go up a directory
ls	List files

Tar Command Examples

tar -cvf a.tar /dir	Create a tar archive called a.tar for dir
tar cvzf a.tar.gz /dir	gzip compressed archive
tar -xvf Archive.tar.gz	Uncompress
v	show the progress of archive file
c	create a archive file.
x	extract a archive file.
f	filename of archive file
t	viewing content of archive file.
j	filter archive through bzip2.
z	filter archive through gzip
r	append or update files

File Permissions

chmod 775 file	Change mode of file to 775
chmod -R 600 folder	Recursively chmod folder to 600
chown user:group file	Change file owner to user and group to group
First digit is owner permission, second is group and third is everyone.
4	read (r)
2	write (w)
1	execute (x)

Process Management

ps	Show snapshot of processes
top	Show real time processes
kill pid	Kill process with id pid
pkill name	Kill process with name name
killall name	Kill all processes with names beginning name

Watch a Command

watch -n 5 'nt -p'

Issue the 'ntpq -p' command every 5 seconds and display output

File Operations

touch file1	Create file1
cat file1 file2	Concatenate files and output
less file1	View and paginate file1
file file1	Get type of file1
head file1	Show first 10 lines of file1
tail file1	Show last 10 lines of file1
tail -F file1	Output last lines of file1 as it changes

Search Files

grep pattern files	Search for pattern in files
grep -i	Case insensitive search
grep -r	Recursive search
grep -v	Inverted search
grep -o	Show matched part of file only
find /dir/ -name name*	Find files starting with name in dir
find /dir/ -user name	Find files owned by name in dir
find /dir/ -mmin num	Find files modifed less than num minutes ago in dir
whereis command	Find binary / source / manual for command
locate file	Find file (quick search of system index)

ls Options

-a	Show all (including hidden)
-R	Recursive list
-r	Reverse order
-t	Sort by last modified
-S	Sort by file size
-l	Long listing format
-1	One file per line
-m	Comma-separated output
-Q	Quoted output

Command Lists

cmd1 ; cmd2	Run cmd1 then cmd2
cmd1 && cmd2	Run cmd2 if cmd1 is successful
cmd1 \|\| cmd2	Run cmd2 if cmd1 is not successful

Pipes

cmd1 \| cmd2	stdout of cmd1 to cmd2
cmd1 \|& cmd2	stderr of cmd1 to cmd2

Bash Commands

`uname -a`	Show system and kernel
`head -n1 /etc/issue`	Show distribution
`mount`	Show mounted filesystems
`date`	Show system date
`uptime`	Show uptime
`whoami`	Show your username
`man command`	Show manual for command

Bash - IO Redirections

cmd > file

Redirige stdout de cmd dans file

cmd 2> file

Redirige stderr de cmd dans file

cmd &> file

Redirige stdout et sterr de cmd dans file

cmd < file

Envoi le contenu de file dans cmd

cmd 2> /dev/null

Redirige sterr dans un trou noir

cmd > file.out 2> file.err

Redirige stdout dans file.out et stderr dans file.err

cmd1 | cmd2

Redirection stdout de cmd1 dans stdin de cmd2. stderr n'est pas transmit dans les |

cmd1 | cmd2 | cmd3 | cmd4; echo ${PIPESTATUS[@]}

Suite de redirections et récupération des

> file

Vide et/ou crée un fichier

Un fichier de sortie par cmd

(cmd1; cmd2) > file

stdout des 2 cmd dans file (via sous shell)

{ cmd1; cmd2; } > file

stdout des 2 cmd dans file (sans sous shell)

cmd1; cmd2

Execution cmd1 puis cmd2

cmd1 && cmd2

Execution de cmd2 si cmd1 est OK

cmd1 || cmd2

Execution de cmd2 si cmd1 est non OK

>> ajoute au lieu de rediriger.

Bash - Variables

${var}

Valeur de var

${var:-word}

Affiche word si var est nulle ou unset

${var:=word}

Affiche word si var est nulle ou unset et set assigne word à var

${var:?}

Affiche une erreur si VAR est nulle ou unset

${var:+word}

Affiche word si var est différente de nulle

${var:offset}

Affiche var à partir de l'offset

${var:offset:lenght}

Affiche var à partir de l'offset sur lenght de longeur

${!tab[@]}

Liste les id du tableau tab

${tab[#_ID]}

Affiche la valeur du #_ID de tab

${#var}

Affiche la taille de var

${var#pattern}

var amputé du pattern mini en prefix

${var##pattern}

var amputé du pattern max en prefix

${var%pattern}

var amputé du pattern mini en suffix

${var%%pattern}

var amputé du pattern max en suffix

${var/pattern/string}

Substitution

${var^}

Maj du premier caractère

${var^^}

Maj de tous les caractères

${var,}

Min du premier caractère

${var,,}

Min de tous les caractères

Bash - Divers

%r	Vide la ligne
^r	Recherche une commande déjà tapée
^c	Arrête la commande en court
^d	Quitte le shell en court
^l	Efface le contenu de l'écran
^o	Valide la ligne en cours
tab	Complétion
%*	Affiche les complétions disponibles

Bash - Historique

Relancer la dernière commande

Relancer la dernière commande commençant par p

!l:p

Afficher la dernière commande commençant par l

Récupérer le dernier argument de la commande précédente

Récupérer le premier argument de la commande précédente

Tous les arguments de la dernière commande

!*:p

idem mais l'affiche

Execute la nième commande

history -c

Vider l'historique

!-2

Execute la nième commande en partant de la fin

!?pattern

Execute la dernière commande contenant pattern

^pattern1pattern2

Remplace pattern1 par pattern2 dans la dernière commande

Bring interfaces up & down

# ip link set dev <interface> up
# ip link set dev <interface> down

# /sbin/ifconfig <interface> up
# /sbin/ifconfig <interface> down

Stack Operations

push source	Insert Value onto the stack
pop dest	Remove value from stack

Stack is a LIFO-Storage (Last In First Out)

Mnemonics Intel

`mov dest, source`	Moves Data
`add dest, value`	Add value to dest
`sub dest,value`	Subtract value3 from dest*
`inc dest`	Increment dest
`dec dest`	Decrement dest
`mul src`	Multiply EAX and src
`imul dest, source`	dest = dest source*

General Structure:

[label] mnemonic [operands] [;comment]

Logical Operations

`neg op`	two-Complement
`not op`	invert each bit
`and dest,source`	dest= dest  source
`or dest,source`	dest=dest  source
`xor dest, surce`	dest = dest XOR source

Example

global _start

.data
    msg db "Hello World",0xa
    len equ $-msg

.text

_start:
    mov eax, 0x4                     
    mov ebx, 0x1       
    mov ecx, msg     
    mov edx, len        
    int 0x80               

exit:
    mov eax, 0x1
    mov ebx, 0x1
    int 0x80

NASM Code-Sections

.text	Code
.data	initialized Data
.bss	uninitialized Data

NASM Basics

-f	filesystem
-g	debugginfos
-o	output

Segment- Registers

ECS	Code-Segment
EDS	Data-Segment
ESS	Stack-Segment
EES	Extra-Segment

Index-Registers

ESI	Source Index
EDI	Destination Index

Pointer-Registers

ESP	Stackpointer
EBP	Basepointer
EIP	Instructionpointer

General Registers

EAX	Accumulator
EBX	Base
ECX	Counter
EDX	Data

General Registers: specific values are expected when calling the kernel.

Debugging Properties

command_start	returns cmd used to start up minecraft
command_debug	returns command_start without using screen
command_archive	returns cmd to archive a server
command_backup	returns cmd to create rdiff-backup increment
command_kill	returns cmd to kill a java instance
command_restore [step] [--force]	returns cmd to restore from an rdiff-backup increment
command_prune	returns cmd to remove oldest incremental backups
command_list_increments	returns cmd to list available increments
command_delete_server	returns cmd to remove specific server files

Available Properties

up	true if the server is running
profile	profile the server is assigned
server_version	minecraft version, e.g., 1.7.9
java_pid	process id of java instance
screen_pid	process id of screen instance
port	port server is assigned
ip_address	ip_address server is assigned
memory	MB used by java (VmRSS)
ping	returns server info (motd, online players, capacity)
sp	server.properties
sc	server.config
server_type	type of server suite, e.g., bukkit/forge
ping_debug	show debugging info for web-ui problems

Available Commands

start	starts a server
kill	force kills a server
commit	send 'save-all' to console
stop	send 'stop' command to console
archive	creates timestamped, gzipped tarball
backup	creates an rdiff-backup incremental snapshot
restore [step]	restores a downed server to a previous incremental backup
prune [step]	removes old rdiff-backup data and metadata
delete_server	deletes archive, backup, and live server data

mineos_console.py commands

console	send text to the game console
screen	alias to 'console'
[command]	command to execute on server
[property]	return value of property

"-s " means command will execute on specified server.
./mineos_console.py -s [servername] [command/property]

no "-s" means command will iterate on all servers
./mineos_console.py [command/property]

mineos_console.py parameters

cmd	the command to execute
-s	the server to act upon
-d	the base of the mc file structure
--this	auto populates -d and -s
argv	additional arguments to pass

./mineos_console.py -d /var/games/minecraft -s [myserver] [start]
./mineos_console.py --this [start]

Environments

env	display environments variables
<variable name> = <var. content>	set a shell variable
export <variable name> = <var. content>	create subshell with env variables
source <file name>	akes available the variable in the file for the current shell
echo ${<variable name>}	display the variables content
export <variable name>	send the variable to the subshells

Processes

ps -ef	show processes
ps aux	alternative version, useful for mem . info
top or htop (if installed)	show resources
ipcs -m	processes shared memory
kill <PID>	kill a process
lsof	tands for LiSt Open Files and shows open files and which process uses them
lsof -Pp <pid>	file list used by the process <pid>
lsof -Pp <pid> \| grep log	search for the log related to <pid>

PC details and monitoring

cat /proc/meminfo	ram info
cat /proc/cpuinfo	cpu info
lshw	other info about the PC
memstat 1	real time of values
vmstat 1	Virtual memory stat.
iostat 1	IO metrics, realtime
iotop	similar to iostat
top or htop (if installed)	show resources
ipcs -m	processes shared memory

Main Directories

/etc	configuration files
/var/log	log files
/tmp	temp. files
/home/<user>	home directory
which <command name>	find an executable

File Permission

chmod <nmz> <filename>	update the file permission
chown <new owner username> <filename>	update file owner
umask	show default mask

File navigation and Basic Operations

pwd	print working directory
cd <path>	change driectory to <path> cd ~
ls -lrt	directory file list with details
touch	create a file
mv <path1+filename> <path2>	move the file in path1 to path2, it can used to rename file
cp <path1+filename> <path2>	copy, same as above
file <filename>	show the file-type
ls -lrt <filename>	details about the file
stat <filename>
tail -f	show last rows of the file and keep update (live mnonitoring)
vi <filname>	open the file with vi editor

Basic

man <command name>	help about the command
<command A> \| <command B>	send output of A in input to B
<nomecomando> &	execute in background
jobs	show all the background
nohub <comando> <filename>	launch and protect the process
w	show the session
fg %1	return to foreground
cat <filename>	print the content of file in the terminal

iptables

#iptables -L

Displays ruleset of iptables

#iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -m tcp -s 192.168.15.254/26 --dport 22 -j ACCEPT

Accepts incoming SSH connections from IP range 192.168.15.254/26

#iptables -I INPUT -s "192.168.10.0/24" -j DROP

Drops all traffic from IP range 192.168.10.0/24

#iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 25 -j DROP

Blocks all traffic to TCP port 25

#/etc/init.d/iptables save

Saves all IPtables rules and re-applies them after a reboot

Screen shortcuts

CTRL-a c	Create a new screen session
CTRL-a n	Goto the next screen session
CTRL-a p	Goto the previous screen session
CTRL-a "	Present a list of all sessions
CTRL-a d	Detach screen from terminal
CTRL-a k	Kill current session

screen -r to reattach to a detached session

Archiving

# compress (tar/gzip)
tar cvzf <file>.tgz <directory>
# extract (tar/gzip)
tar xvzf <file>.tgz
# compress (tar/bzip)
tar cvjf <file>.tbz <directory>
# extract (tar/bzip)
tar xvjf <file>.tbz
# extract (gzip)
gunzip <file>.gzip

File Paths

/var/named

Bind zone files

/etc/named.conf

Bind configuration file

/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Main apache configuration file

/var/log/httpd/

Default location for logs

/etc/hosts

System hosts file

/etc/resolv.conf

DNS lookup configuration file

/etc/sysconfig/network

Network/hostname configuration file

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/

Default location of a network setting file

Useful Snippets

#hostname

Displays FQDN of system

#uname -a

Displays current kernel version

#df -h

Display partitions, sizes details, and mount points

#chconfig --list

Displays all services and their status at each runlevel

Bash Shortcuts

CTRL-c	Kill current command
CTRL-a	Goto start of current line
CTRL-e	Goto end of current line
CTRL-r	Search history
!!	Repeat last command
^abc^def	Run previous command, replacing abc with def

File Management

find / -name tofind	Find all files named tofind
find / -mmin 10	Find all files modified less than 10 minutes ago
grep -i STRING	Search input for lines containing STRING (nocase)
grep -C 2 STRING	Search input for lines containing STRING and showing 2 lines before and after
grep -v STRING	Search input for lines NOT containing STRING
grep -c STRING	Search input for number of lines containing STRING

Scheduling with cron

#list current entries in crontab
crontab -l
#remove current entries in crontab
crontab -r
#edit existing entries in crontab
crontab -e
#format
<minute> <hour> <day of month> <month> <day of week> <command>

Text Editing

Shortcut	Action
Ctrl+Left/Right	Next Word Left/Right
Ctrl+Backspace	Delete Word Left
Ctrl+Del	Delete Word Right
Ctrl+Alt+U	Capitalize (Convert to Title Case)
Ctrl+U	Convert to CapsLock
Ctrl+Meta+U	Convert to Lowercase (custom)
F3	Find Next
Shift+F3	Find Previous
Ctrl+J	Move Cursor Left (custom)
Ctrl+K	Move Cursor Right (custom)
Ctrl+T	Transpose Characters Beside Cursor

Code Editing

Shortcut	Action
Ctrl+Alt+R	Rename Declaration
Ctrl+Alt+F	Find/Replace in All Files
Ctrl+D	Comment
Ctrl+Shift+D	Uncomment
Alt+D	Toggle Comment
Ctrl+Shift+J	Join Lines (custom)
Alt+Shift+Up/Down	Move to Previous/Next Matching Indent

Miscellaneous

Shortcut	Action
F8	Save All and Compile Project
Meta+Ctrl+B	Toggle Bottom Dock
Meta+Ctrl+L	Toggle Left Dock
Ctrl+Shift+L	Split Window Left/Right (Ctrl+W to Close)
Ctrl+Shift+P/N	Switch to Previous/Next Split View

File Navigation

Shortcut	Action
Ctrl+Alt+N	Outline
Ctrl+Alt+PgUp/PgDown	Previous/Next Function
Meta+Shift+F	Find Uses
Meta+Shift+Left/Right	Previous/Next Use
Ctrl+G	Go to Line by Number
Ctrl+Home/End	Go to Beginning/End of Document

Project Navigation

Shortcut	Action
Ctrl+Shift+C	Switch Declaration/Definition
Ctrl+Alt+O	Quick Open File
Ctrl+Alt+M	Quick Open Function (in any file)
Alt+Shift+Left/Right	Move Between Tabs

This content has been taken from http://tools.rapidsoft.de/perc/perc-cheat-sheet.html with sincere thanks to the author for distilling the information into a usable format.

The original author is:
Moritz Mertinkat
moritz AT mertinkat DOT net

Please Note

This emergency cheat sheet is not exhaustive, but it should be sufficient in most cases.

For a complete reference either call

MegaCli -h

or refer to the manual at:

http://www.lsi.com/files/docs/techdocs/storage_stand_prod/sas/mr_sas_sw_ug.pdf (Chapter 3 – MegaRAID Command Tool).

Walkthrough: Change/replace a drive

1. Set the drive offline, if it is not already offline due to an error

MegaCli -PDOffline -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN

2. Mark the drive as missing

MegaCli -PDMarkMissing -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN

3. Prepare drive for removal

MegaCli -PDPrpRmv -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN

4. Change/replace the drive

5. If you’re using hot spares then the replaced drive should become your new hot spare drive

MegaCli -PDHSP -Set -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN

6. In case you’re not working with hot spares, you must re-add the new drive to your RAID virtual drive and start the rebuilding

MegaCli -PdReplaceMissing -PhysDrv [E:S] -ArrayN -rowN -aN
MegaCli -PDRbld -Start -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN

Hot spare management

Set global hot spare

MegaCli -PDHSP -Set -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN

Remove hot spare

MegaCli -PDHSP -Rmv -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN

Set dedicated hot spare

MegaCli -PDHSP -Set -Dedicated -ArrayN,M,... -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN

Physical drive management

Set state to offline

MegaCli -PDOffline -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN

Set state to online

MegaCli -PDOnline -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN

Mark as missing

MegaCli -PDMarkMissing -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN

Prepare for removal

MegaCli -PdPrpRmv -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN

Replace missing drive

MegaCli -PdReplaceMissing -PhysDrv [E:S] -ArrayN -rowN -aN

Rebuild drive start

MegaCli -PDRbld -Start -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN

Rebuild drive stop

MegaCli -PDRbld -Stop -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN

Rebuild drive progress

MegaCli -PDRbld -ShowProg -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN

Clear drive start

MegaCli -PDClear -Start -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN

Clear drive stop

MegaCli -PDClear -Stop -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN

Clear drive progress

MegaCli -PDClear -ShowProg -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN

Bad to good

MegaCli -PDMakeGood -PhysDrv[E:S] -aN

Virtual drive management

Create RAID 0, 1, 5 drive

MegaCli -CfgLdAdd -r(0|1|5) [E:S, E:S, ...] -aN

Create RAID 10 drive

MegaCli -CfgSpanAdd -r10 -Array0[E:S,E:S] -Array1[E:S,E:S] -aN

Remove drive

MegaCli -CfgLdDel -Lx -aN

Controller management

Silence active alarm

MegaCli -AdpSetProp AlarmSilence -aALL

Disable alarm

MegaCli -AdpSetProp AlarmDsbl -aALL

Enable alarm

MegaCli -AdpSetProp AlarmEnbl -aALL

Gather information

Adapter information

MegaCli -AdpAllInfo -aALL

Configuration information

MegaCli -CfgDsply -aALL

Events Information

MegaCli -AdpEventLog -GetEvents -f events.log -aALL && cat events.log

Enclosure information

MegaCli -EncInfo -aALL

Virtual drive information

MegaCli -LDInfo -Lall -aALL

Physical drive list

MegaCli -PDList -aALL

Physical drive list

MegaCli -PDInfo -PhysDrv [E:S] -aALL

Battery backup information

MegaCli -AdpBbuCmd -aALL

MegaCli conventions

Adapter parameter -aN

The parameter -aN (where N is a number starting with zero or the string ALL) specifies the PERC5/i adapter ID. If you have only one controller it’s safe to use ALL instead of a specific ID, but you’re encouraged to use the ID for everything that makes changes to your RAID configuration.

Physical drive parameter -PhysDrv [E:S]

For commands that operate on one or more pysical drives, the -PhysDrv [E:S] parameter is used, where E is the enclosure device ID in which the drive resides and S the slot number (starting with zero). You can get the enclosure device ID using „MegaCli -EncInfo -aALL“. The E:S syntax is also used for specifying the physical drives when creating a new RAID virtual drive (see 5).

Virtual drive parameter -Lx

The parameter -Lx is used for specifying the virtual drive (where x is a number starting with zero or the string all).

Requirements and General Information

DELL’s PowerEdge RAID Controller (PERC) is a special LSI Logic SAS/SATA RAID Controller and thus the LSI management utility called MegaCli also works for this controller. For older controllers like PERC4 and PERC3 please refer to http://linux.dell.com/storage.shtml (keyword DellMgr).

MegaCli is available for Linux, DOS, Windows, Netware and Solaris.
You can get it from LSI’s website (search for MegaRAID SAS) or download it here: http://www.lsi.com/support/downloads/megaraid/miscellaneous/linux/1.01.40_Linux_Cli.zip.

Inside the ZIP file you’ll find an RPM archive which contains the MegaCli and MegaCli64 binaries (will be installed to /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli).

tmux info

?	list bindings
Set pane title	printf '\033]2;%s\033\\' 'title goes here'

Advanced Pane Handling

<space>	toggle through layouts
break-pane	take a pane and make own window	-d	focus stays
resize-pane	resize pane down	(20)	by 20 cells
		-U (20)	resize up (by 20 cells)
		-L (20)	resize left (by 20 cells)
		-R (20)	resize right (by 20 cells)
		-t 2 20	pane with id 2 down by 20
		...

Basic Pane Handling

v	split vertically
: split-window	split horizontally
o	go to next pane (down-pane)
q	show pane number, press number to go to
{	move current pane left
}	move current pane right
x	kill pane

Vim like commands

bind s split-window -v	splitting
bind v split-window -h	splitting
bind h select-pane -L	motion keys
bind j select-pane -D	motion keys
bind k select-pane -U	motion keys
bind l select-pane -R	motion keys
setw -g mode-keys vi	vim motion keys while in copy mode
bind - resize-pane -D 1	resize pane down by 1
bind + resize-pane -U 1	resize pane up by 1
bind < resize-pane -L 1	resize pane to left by 1
bind > resize-pane -R 1	resize pane to right by 1

Pane Window Handling

:joinp -s :2	move window 2 into a new pane in the current window
:joinp -t :1	move the current pane into a new pane in window 1

Advanced Window Handling

move-window [ −d] [ −s src-window] [ −t dst-window]

swap-window [ -d] [ -s src-window] [ -t dst-window]

Basic Window Handling

c	new window
,	rename window
n	next window
p	previous window
l	previously selected window
w	list all windows
[0-9]	move to window number [0-9]
f [window name]	find window
: list-windows	list windows
&	kill window
.	move window

customizing tmux

set-option -g prefix C-a	rebind the Ctrl-b prefix to Ctrl-a	-g for global => every window
bind-key C-a last-window	switch to last active window	To use hit Ctrl-a twice
unbind %	Remove default split binding
bind \| split-window -h	bind vertical splitting to \|
bind – split-window -v	bind horizontal splitting to -
set -g status-bg black
set -g status-fg white
set -g status-left ‘#[fg=green]#H’	beginning of statusbar hostname in green
set-window-option -g window-status-current-bg red	current window shown in red
set -g status-right ‘#[fg=yellow]#(uptime \| cut -d “,” -f 2-)’	number of users and load average for computer
setw -g monitor-activity on	highlight window with new activity
set -g visual-activity on	show info on new activity
setw -g automatic-rename on	set window title to current command

Session handling

tmux	start new
tmux new -s myname	start new with name
tmux a -t	reattach session (or at, or attach)
tmux a -t myname	reattach named session
tmux ls	list sessions
tmux kill-session -t myname	kill named session
:new	new session
s	list sessions
$	name session
tmux kill-server	kill server and all sessions

General

Control-a	prefix key (default C-b)
:	interactive dialog (promt)
d	detach session
tmux restore	restore session
: source-file ~/.tmux.conf	reload .tmux.conf
t	big clock
?	list bindings

1
Linux General

^a	Aller en début de ligne
^e	Aller en fin de ligne
%b	Aller au mot précédent
%f	Aller au mout suivant
^xx	Alterne le curseur avec sa position précédente
^p	Historique précédent
^n	Historique suivant

^k	Coupe du curseur jusqu'à la fin de ligne
^u	Coupe du curseur jusqu'en début de ligne
^w	Coupe le mot avant le curseur
^y	Coller une chaîne précédemment coupée
%Backspace	Supprime un mot jusqu’à un symbole de type tiret...
%d	Supprime le mot suivant
^h	Remplace Backspace
%c	Met la première lettre en maj et avance d'un mot
%u	Met le mot en majuscule
%l	Met le mot en minuscule
%.	Réécrit le paramètre de la dernière commande
%t	Inverse la position des deux mots avant le curseur
^t	Inverse la position des deux caractères avant le curseur

`cmp op1,op2`	Compare op1 with op2
`test op1,op2`	bitwise comparison
`jmp dest`	unconditional Jump
`je dest`	Jump if equal
`jne dest`	Jump if not equal
`jz dest`	Jump if zero
`jnz dest`	Jump if not zero
`jg dest`	Jump if greater
`jge dest`	Jump if greater or equal
`jl dest`	Jump if less
`jle dest`	Jump if less or equal

`int Nr`	call Interrup Nr
`call label`	jumps to label
`ret`	returns to call
`nop`	no operation
`lea dest,src`	load effective addr. to dest

EAX	Name(EBX, ECX, EDX)
1	exit( int)
2	fork( pointer)
3	read( uint, char*, int)
4	write( uint, char*, int)
5	open( char *, int, int)

>	Redirect STDOUT to a file
2>	Redirect STERR to a file
&>	Redirect all output to a file
2>&1	Redirect all output to a pipe
cmd1 \| cmd2	Pipe STDOUT of cmd1 to cmd2

Linux Cheat Sheet

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