Linux General

Package management

apt update
update the local package index with the latest changes made in the repositories
apt upgrade
upgrade installed packages
apt install package
install package
apt remove package
remove installed package
systemctl start service
start service
systemctl status service
check the status of service
systemctl stop service
stop service
systemctl enable service
enable the service to start at system startup

cron jobs

at time
schedule command to run at time
atq
view pending jobs
atrm 2
remove job 2 from the scheduled commands
crontab -e
set cron jobs
0 2 * * * /dir1/script.sh
run script /dir1/script.sh at 2pm daily
crontab -l
show the list the cron jobs of current user

Compress and archive

tar -cf /dir1/backup.tar /dir2
create tar archive file /dir1/backup.tar for /dir2
tar -xvf /dir1/backup.tar -C /dir2/
extract tar archive file /dir1/backup.tar to /dir2/

Text search and manipulation

grep text file1
display the lines that contains text in file1
grep -ni text file1
ignore the case and display line numbers of the matched lines
awk -F',' '{print $1"@"$3}'
print col1@col3
awk -F'\t' '/str/ {print $0}'
print line with str

User and Group Management

useradd user1
create user1 user account
passwd user1
create password for user1 user
su
switch user account
exit
logout user
userdel user1
delete user account user1
usermod -l user2 user1
change user1 login name to user2
groupadd group1
add group group1
groupdel group1
delete group group1
gpasswd -a user1 group1
add single user user1 to group group1
gpasswd -M user1,user2 group1
add multiple users user1 user2 to group group1
gpasswd -d user1 group1
remove user user1 from group group1
gpasswd -A user1 group1
make user1 as admin of group1

System and process monitoring

uptime
show current uptime
df
show disk usage
du
show directory space usage
free
show memory and swap usage
ps
show all current active processes
top
task manager program displays information about CPU and memory utilization
kill pid
kill process with process id pid
bg
list stopped or background jobs
lsof
Lists all files opened by any process of a system
lsof -u user1
Lists all files opened by user1

Networking

ifconfig or ip addr
show ip address
nmcli con show
show list of connections
nslookup
queries the DNS server for information about a domain name or IP address
iptables
sets up, maintains, and inspects the tables of IPv4/IPv6 packet filter rules in the Linux kernel firewall
ping host
send packets to host to check the connectivity
ping -c 5 host
send 5 packets to host
curl
facilitates the transfer of data to or from a server, using any of the protocols it supports
netstat
Displays network connections and network statistics, such as active sockets, routing tables, and network interface statistics
ss-keygen
Creates a pair of public and private authentication keys
ssh user@host
connect user to host using ssh
scp file1 user1@host:/dir
copy file1 from local to remote host host to /dir location

Working with directory and files

mkdir dir
create single directory dir
mkdir dir1 dir2
create multiple directories dir1 dir2
mkdir -p dir/a/b/c
create nested directory dir/a/b/c
mkdir dir{1..10}
created 10 numbered directories from dir1 to dir10
rm -r dir
remove dir recursively
touch file
create empty file file
touch file1 file2
create multiple files file1 file2
touch file{1..10}
create 10 numbered files from file1 to file10
cp -rf /dir/file1 /dir2
copy file file1 to dir2 directory recursively and forcefully
mv /dir/file1 /dir2
move file file1 to dir2 directory
rm file1
remove file file1
ls -al
show files - both regular & hidden files and their permissions
cat file1
display contents of file1
find /dir1 -name file1
find file1 under /dir1 directory
find /dir1 -perm 664
find all files/directories with read, write permission to owner and group, read permission for others in directory dir1
find /dir1 -empty -exec rm -r {}**
find and remove all empty files/directories from /dir1
wc -l file1
count the number of lines in file1
wc -w file1
count the number of words in "file1*
head file1
display top 10 lines of file1
head -n 20 file1
display top 20 lines of file1
tail file1
display last 10 lines of file1
tail -n 20 file1
display last 20 lines of file1

Basic info

pwd
show present working directory
uname
show name of the kernel
uname -r
show kernel version
cd
change directory
clear
clear the screen
whoami
show current login user name
history
show list of previously used commands
date
show time and date
echo "Hello"
display Hello text
sudo
run commands as super user

File Permission Numbers

Calculate permission digits by adding numbers below
4
read (r)
2
write (w)
1
execute (x)

Nano Shortcuts

Files
Ctrl-R
Read file
Ctrl-O
Save file
Ctrl-X
Close file
Cut and Paste
ALT-A
Start marking text
CTRL-K
Cut marked text or line
CTRL-U
Paste text
Navigate File
ALT-/
End of file
CTRL-A
Beginning of line
CTRL-E
End of line
CTRL-C
Show line number
CTRL-_
Go to line number
Search File
CTRL-W
Find

Directory Operations

pwd
Show current directory
mkdir dir
Make directory dir
cd dir
Change directory to dir
cd ..
Go up a directory
ls
List files

Tar Command Examples

tar -cvf a.tar /dir
Create a tar archive called a.tar for dir
tar cvzf a.tar.gz /dir
gzip compressed archive
tar -xvf Archive.tar.gz
Uncompress
v
show the progress of archive file
c
create a archive file.
x
extract a archive file.
f
filename of archive file
t
viewing content of archive file.
j
filter archive through bzip2.
z
filter archive through gzip
r
append or update files

File Permissions

chmod 775 file
Change mode of file to 775
chmod -R 600 folder
Recursively chmod folder to 600
chown user:group file
Change file owner to user and group to group
First digit is owner permission, second is group and third is everyone.
4
read (r)
2
write (w)
1
execute (x)

Process Management

ps
Show snapshot of processes
top
Show real time processes
kill pid
Kill process with id pid
pkill name
Kill process with name name
killall name
Kill all processes with names beginning name

Watch a Command

watch -n 5 'nt -p'
Issue the 'ntpq -p' command every 5 seconds and display output

File Operations

touch file1
Create file1
cat file1 file2
Concatenate files and output
less file1
View and paginate file1
file file1
Get type of file1
head file1
Show first 10 lines of file1
tail file1
Show last 10 lines of file1
tail -F file1
Output last lines of file1 as it changes

Search Files

grep pattern files
Search for pattern in files
grep -i
Case insensitive search
grep -r
Recursive search
grep -v
Inverted search
grep -o
Show matched part of file only
find /dir/ -name name*
Find files starting with name in dir
find /dir/ -user name
Find files owned by name in dir
find /dir/ -mmin num
Find files modifed less than num minutes ago in dir
whereis command
Find binary / source / manual for command
locate file
Find file (quick search of system index)

ls Options

-a
Show all (including hidden)
-R
Recursive list
-r
Reverse order
-t
Sort by last modified
-S
Sort by file size
-l
Long listing format
-1
One file per line
-m
Comma-separated output
-Q
Quoted output

Command Lists

cmd1 ; cmd2
Run cmd1 then cmd2
cmd1 && cmd2
Run cmd2 if cmd1 is successful
cmd1 || cmd2
Run cmd2 if cmd1 is not successful

Pipes

cmd1 | cmd2
stdout of cmd1 to cmd2
cmd1 |& cmd2
stderr of cmd1 to cmd2

Bash Commands

uname -a
Show system and kernel
head -n1 /etc/issue
Show distribution
mount
Show mounted filesystems
date
Show system date
uptime
Show uptime
whoami
Show your username
man command
Show manual for command

Bash - IO Redirections

cmd > file
Redirige stdout de cmd dans file
cmd 2> file
Redirige stderr de cmd dans file
cmd &> file
Redirige stdout et sterr de cmd dans file
cmd < file
Envoi le contenu de file dans cmd
cmd 2> /dev/null
Redirige sterr dans un trou noir
cmd > file.out 2> file.err
Redirige stdout dans file.out et stderr dans file.err
cmd1 | cmd2
Redirection stdout de cmd1 dans stdin de cmd2. stderr n'est pas transmit dans les |
cmd1 | cmd2 | cmd3 | cmd4; echo ${PIPESTATUS[@]}
Suite de redirections et récupération des
> file
Vide et/ou crée un fichier
cmd | tee cmd.out | sort | tee sort.out | uniq -c | tee uniq.out
Un fichier de sortie par cmd
(cmd1; cmd2) > file
stdout des 2 cmd dans file (via sous shell)
{ cmd1; cmd2; } > file
stdout des 2 cmd dans file (sans sous shell)
cmd1; cmd2
Execution cmd1 puis cmd2
cmd1 && cmd2
Execution de cmd2 si cmd1 est OK
cmd1 || cmd2
Execution de cmd2 si cmd1 est non OK
>> ajoute au lieu de rediriger.

Bash - Deplacement

^a
Aller en début de ligne
^e
Aller en fin de ligne
%b
Aller au mot précédent
%f
Aller au mout suivant
^xx
Alterne le curseur avec sa position précédente
^p
Historique précédent
^n
Historique suivant
^ : Ctrl
% : Alt ou Esc

Bash - Variables

${var}
Valeur de var
${var:-word}
Affiche word si var est nulle ou unset
${var:=word}
Affiche word si var est nulle ou unset et set assigne word à var
${var:?}
Affiche une erreur si VAR est nulle ou unset
${var:+word}
Affiche word si var est différente de nulle
${var:offset}
Affiche var à partir de l'offset
${var:offset:lenght}
Affiche var à partir de l'offset sur lenght de longeur
${!tab[@]}
Liste les id du tableau tab
${tab[#_ID]}
Affiche la valeur du #_ID de tab
${#var}
Affiche la taille de var
${var#pattern}
var amputé du pattern mini en prefix
${var##pattern}
var amputé du pattern max en prefix
${var%pattern}
var amputé du pattern mini en suffix
${var%%pattern}
var amputé du pattern max en suffix
${var/pattern/string}
Substitution
${var^}
Maj du premier caractère
${var^^}
Maj de tous les caractères
${var,}
Min du premier caractère
${var,,}
Min de tous les caractères

Bash - Divers

%r
Vide la ligne
^r
Recherche une commande déjà tapée
^c
Arrête la commande en court
^d
Quitte le shell en court
^l
Efface le contenu de l'écran
^o
Valide la ligne en cours
tab
Complétion
%*
Affiche les complétions disponibles

Bash - Historique

!!
Relancer la dernière commande
!p
Relancer la dernière commande commençant par p
!l:p
Afficher la dernière commande commençant par l
!$
Récupérer le dernier argument de la commande précédente
!^
Récupérer le premier argument de la commande précédente
!*
Tous les arguments de la dernière commande
!*:p
idem mais l'affiche
!n
Execute la nième commande
history -c
Vider l'historique
!-2
Execute la nième commande en partant de la fin
!?pattern
Execute la dernière commande contenant pattern
pattern1pattern2
Remplace pattern1 par pattern2 dans la dernière commande

Bash - Edition

^k
Coupe du curseur jusqu'à la fin de ligne
^u
Coupe du curseur jusqu'en début de ligne
^w
Coupe le mot avant le curseur
^y
Coller une chaîne précédemment coupée
%Backspace
Supprime un mot jusqu’à un symbole de type tiret...
%d
Supprime le mot suivant
^h
Remplace Backspace
%c
Met la première lettre en maj et avance d'un mot
%u
Met le mot en majuscule
%l
Met le mot en minuscule
%.
Réécrit le paramètre de la dernière commande
%t
Inverse la position des deux mots avant le curseur
^t
Inverse la position des deux caractères avant le curseur
^ : Ctrl
% : Alt

/etc/network/interfaces

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
auto eth0
iface em1 inet static
    address 192.168.1.100
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    network 192.168.1.0
    broadcast 192.168.1.255 # optional
    gateway 192.168.1.254

# Wireless interface
auto wlp3s0
iface wlp3s0 inet dhcp
Template for static & dhcp

Bring interfaces up & down

# ip link set dev <interface> up
# ip link set dev <interface> down

# /sbin/ifconfig <interface> up
# /sbin/ifconfig <interface> down

Interface Info

ifconfig
ip a
general ip & interface info

Stack Operations

push source
Insert Value onto the stack
pop dest
Remove value from stack
Stack is a LIFO-Storage (Last In First Out)

Mnemonics Intel

mov dest, source
Moves Data
add dest, value
Add value to dest
sub dest,value
Subtract value3 from dest*
inc dest
Increment dest
dec dest
Decrement dest
mul src
Multiply EAX and src
imul dest, source
dest = dest * source
General Structure:
[label] mnemonic [operands] [;comment] 

Control / Jumps (signed Int)

cmp op1,op2 
Compare op1 with op2
test op1,op2
bitwise comparison
jmp dest
unconditional Jump
je dest
Jump if equal
jne dest
Jump if not equal
jz dest
Jump if zero
jnz dest
Jump if not zero
jg dest
Jump if greater
jge dest
Jump if greater or equal
jl dest
Jump if less
jle dest
Jump if less or equal
For unsigned Integer use
 ja, jae
(above) or
jb, jbe
(below)

Logical Operations

neg op
two-Complement
not op
invert each bit
and dest,source
dest= dest source
or dest,source
dest=dest source
xor dest, surce
dest = dest XOR source

Misc

int Nr
call Interrup Nr
call label
jumps to label
ret
returns to call
nop
no operation
lea dest,src
load effective addr. to dest
int 0x80
calls the Kernel in Linux

Example

global _start

.data
    msg db "Hello World",0xa
    len equ $-msg

.text

_start:
    mov eax, 0x4                     
    mov ebx, 0x1       
    mov ecx, msg     
    mov edx, len        
    int 0x80               

exit:
    mov eax, 0x1
    mov ebx, 0x1
    int 0x80

NASM Code-Sections

.text
Code
.data
initialized Data
.bss
uninitialized Data

Syscall-Numbers Linux

EAX
Name(EBX, ECX, EDX)
1
exit( int)
2
fork( pointer)
3
read( uint, char*, int)
4
write( uint, char*, int)
5
open( char *, int, int)

Compiling a Code

nasm -f elf32 -g -o filename.o filename.nasm
ld -o filename filename.o
in 64bit Architecture use -f elf64

NASM Basics

-f
filesystem
-g
debugginfos
-o
output

Segment- Registers

ECS
Code-Segment
EDS
Data-Segment
ESS
Stack-Segment
EES
Extra-Segment

Index-Registers

ESI
Source Index
EDI
Destination Index

Pointer-Registers

ESP
Stackpointer
EBP
Basepointer
EIP
Instructionpointer

General Registers

EAX
Accumulator
EBX
Base
ECX
Counter
EDX
Data
General Registers: specific values are expected when calling the kernel.

Debugging Properties

command_start
returns cmd used to start up minecraft
command_debug
returns command_start without using screen
command_archive
returns cmd to archive a server
command_backup
returns cmd to create rdiff-backup increment
command_kill
returns cmd to kill a java instance
command_restore [step] [--force]
returns cmd to restore from an rdiff-backup increment
command_prune
returns cmd to remove oldest incremental backups
command_list_increments
returns cmd to list available increments
command_delete_server
returns cmd to remove specific server files

Available Properties

up
true if the server is running
profile
profile the server is assigned
server_version
minecraft version, e.g., 1.7.9
java_pid
process id of java instance
screen_pid
process id of screen instance
port
port server is assigned
ip_address
ip_address server is assigned
memory
MB used by java (VmRSS)
ping
returns server info (motd, online players, capacity)
sp
server.properties
sc
server.config
server_type
type of server suite, e.g., bukkit/forge
ping_debug
show debugging info for web-ui problems

Available Commands

start
starts a server
kill
force kills a server
commit
send 'save-all' to console
stop
send 'stop' command to console
archive
creates timestamped, gzipped tarball
backup
creates an rdiff-backup incremental snapshot
restore [step]
restores a downed server to a previous incremental backup
prune [step]
removes old rdiff-backup data and metadata
delete_server
deletes archive, backup, and live server data

mineos_console.py commands

console
send text to the game console
screen
alias to 'console'
[command]
command to execute on server
[property]
return value of property
"-s " means command will execute on specified server.
./mineos_console.py -s [servername] [command/property]

no "-s" means command will iterate on all servers
./mineos_console.py [command/property]

mineos_console.py parameters

cmd
the command to execute
-s
the server to act upon
-d
the base of the mc file structure
--this
auto populates -d and -s
argv
additional arguments to pass
./mineos_console.py -d /var/games/minecraft -s [myserver] [start]
./mineos_console.py --this [start]

Environments

env
display environments variables
<variable name> = <var. content>
set a shell variable
export <variable name> = <var. content>
create subshell with env variables
source <file name>
akes available the variable in the file for the current shell
echo ${<variable name>}
display the variables content
export <variable name>
send the variable to the subshells

Processes

ps -ef
show processes
ps aux
alternative version, useful for mem . info
top or htop (if installed)
show resources
ipcs -m
processes shared memory
kill <PID>
kill a process
lsof
tands for LiSt Open Files and shows open files and which process uses them
lsof -Pp <pid>
file list used by the process <pid>
lsof -Pp <pid> | grep log
search for the log related to <pid>

PC details and monitoring

cat /proc/meminfo
ram info
cat /proc/cpuinfo
cpu info
lshw
other info about the PC
memstat 1
real time of values
vmstat 1
Virtual memory stat.
iostat 1
IO metrics, realtime
iotop
similar to iostat
top or htop (if installed)
show resources
ipcs -m
processes shared memory

Main Directories

/etc
configuration files
/var/log
log files
/tmp
temp. files
/home/<user>
home directory
which <command name>
find an executable

File Permission

chmod <nmz> <filename>
update the file permission
chown <new owner username> <filename>
update file owner
umask
show default mask

File navigation and Basic Operations

pwd
print working directory
cd <path>
change driectory to <path> cd ~
ls -lrt
directory file list with details
touch
create a file
mv <path1+filename> <path2>
move the file in path1 to path2, it can used to rename file
cp <path1+filename> <path2>
copy, same as above
file <filename>
show the file-type
ls -lrt <filename>
details about the file
stat <filename>
tail -f
show last rows of the file and keep update (live mnonitoring)
vi <filname>
open the file with vi editor

Basic

man <command name>
help about the command
<command A> | <command B>
send output of A in input to B
<nomecomando> &
execute in background
jobs
show all the background
nohub <comando> <filename>
launch and protect the process
w
show the session
fg %1
return to foreground
cat <filename>
print the content of file in the terminal

iptables

#iptables -L
Displays ruleset of iptables
#iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -m tcp -s 192.168.15.254/26 --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
Accepts incoming SSH connections from IP range 192.168.15.254/26
#iptables -I INPUT -s "192.168.10.0/24" -j DROP
Drops all traffic from IP range 192.168.10.0/24
#iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 25 -j DROP
Blocks all traffic to TCP port 25
#/etc/init.d/iptables save
Saves all IPtables rules and re-applies them after a reboot

Screen shortcuts

CTRL-a c
Create a new screen session
CTRL-a n
Goto the next screen session
CTRL-a p
Goto the previous screen session
CTRL-a "
Present a list of all sessions
CTRL-a d
Detach screen from terminal
CTRL-a k
Kill current session
screen -r to reattach to a detached session

Archiving

# compress (tar/gzip)
tar cvzf <file>.tgz <directory>
# extract (tar/gzip)
tar xvzf <file>.tgz
# compress (tar/bzip)
tar cvjf <file>.tbz <directory>
# extract (tar/bzip)
tar xvjf <file>.tbz
# extract (gzip)
gunzip <file>.gzip

File Paths

/var/named
Bind zone files
/etc/named.conf
Bind configuration file
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Main apache configuration file
/var/log/httpd/
Default location for logs
/etc/hosts
System hosts file
/etc/resolv.conf
DNS lookup configuration file
/etc/sysconfig/network
Network/hostname configuration file
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
Default location of a network setting file

Useful Snippets

#hostname
Displays FQDN of system
#uname -a
Displays current kernel version
#df -h
Display partitions, sizes details, and mount points
#chconfig --list
Displays all services and their status at each runlevel

Bash Shortcuts

CTRL-c
Kill current command
CTRL-a
Goto start of current line
CTRL-e
Goto end of current line
CTRL-r
Search history
!!
Repeat last command
^abc^def
Run previous command, replacing abc with def

File Management

find / -name tofind
Find all files named tofind
find / -mmin 10
Find all files modified less than 10 minutes ago
grep -i STRING
Search input for lines containing STRING (nocase)
grep -C 2 STRING
Search input for lines containing STRING and showing 2 lines before and after
grep -v STRING
Search input for lines NOT containing STRING
grep -c STRING
Search input for number of lines containing STRING

Scheduling with cron

#list current entries in crontab
crontab -l
#remove current entries in crontab
crontab -r
#edit existing entries in crontab
crontab -e
#format
<minute> <hour> <day of month> <month> <day of week> <command>

I/O Redirection

>
Redirect STDOUT to a file
2>
Redirect STERR to a file
&>
Redirect all output to a file
2>&1
Redirect all output to a pipe
cmd1 | cmd2
Pipe STDOUT of cmd1 to cmd2
Use >> to append rather than overwrite

Text Editing

Shortcut    
Action
Ctrl+Left/Right
Next Word Left/Right
Ctrl+Backspace
Delete Word Left
Ctrl+Del
Delete Word Right
Ctrl+Alt+U
Capitalize (Convert to Title Case)
Ctrl+U
Convert to CapsLock
Ctrl+Meta+U
Convert to Lowercase (custom)
F3
Find Next
Shift+F3
Find Previous
Ctrl+J
Move Cursor Left (custom)
Ctrl+K
Move Cursor Right (custom)
Ctrl+T
Transpose Characters Beside Cursor

Code Editing

Shortcut
Action
Ctrl+Alt+R
Rename Declaration
Ctrl+Alt+F
Find/Replace in All Files
Ctrl+D
Comment
Ctrl+Shift+D
Uncomment
Alt+D
Toggle Comment
Ctrl+Shift+J
Join Lines (custom)
Alt+Shift+Up/Down
Move to Previous/Next Matching Indent

Miscellaneous

Shortcut         
Action
F8
Save All and Compile Project
Meta+Ctrl+B
Toggle Bottom Dock
Meta+Ctrl+L
Toggle Left Dock
Ctrl+Shift+L
Split Window Left/Right (Ctrl+W to Close)
Ctrl+Shift+P/N
Switch to Previous/Next Split View

File Navigation

Shortcut
Action
Ctrl+Alt+N
Outline
Ctrl+Alt+PgUp/PgDown
Previous/Next Function
Meta+Shift+F
Find Uses
Meta+Shift+Left/Right
Previous/Next Use
Ctrl+G
Go to Line by Number
Ctrl+Home/End
Go to Beginning/End of Document

Project Navigation

Shortcut      
Action
Ctrl+Shift+C
Switch Declaration/Definition
Ctrl+Alt+O
Quick Open File
Ctrl+Alt+M
Quick Open Function (in any file)
Alt+Shift+Left/Right
Move Between Tabs

Credits

This content has been taken from http://tools.rapidsoft.de/perc/perc-cheat-sheet.html with sincere thanks to the author for distilling the information into a usable format.

The original author is:
Moritz Mertinkat
moritz AT mertinkat DOT net

Please Note

This emergency cheat sheet is not exhaustive, but it should be sufficient in most cases.

For a complete reference either call

MegaCli -h

or refer to the manual at:

http://www.lsi.com/files/docs/techdocs/storage_stand_prod/sas/mr_sas_sw_ug.pdf (Chapter 3 – MegaRAID Command Tool).

Walkthrough: Change/replace a drive

1. Set the drive offline, if it is not already offline due to an error

MegaCli -PDOffline -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN

2. Mark the drive as missing

MegaCli -PDMarkMissing -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN

3. Prepare drive for removal

MegaCli -PDPrpRmv -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN

4. Change/replace the drive

5. If you’re using hot spares then the replaced drive should become your new hot spare drive

MegaCli -PDHSP -Set -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN

6. In case you’re not working with hot spares, you must re-add the new drive to your RAID virtual drive and start the rebuilding

MegaCli -PdReplaceMissing -PhysDrv [E:S] -ArrayN -rowN -aN
MegaCli -PDRbld -Start -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN

Hot spare management

Set global hot spare
MegaCli -PDHSP -Set -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN
Remove hot spare
MegaCli -PDHSP -Rmv -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN
Set dedicated hot spare
MegaCli -PDHSP -Set -Dedicated -ArrayN,M,... -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN

Physical drive management

Set state to offline
MegaCli -PDOffline -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN
Set state to online
MegaCli -PDOnline -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN
Mark as missing
MegaCli -PDMarkMissing -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN
Prepare for removal
MegaCli -PdPrpRmv -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN
Replace missing drive
MegaCli -PdReplaceMissing -PhysDrv [E:S] -ArrayN -rowN -aN
Rebuild drive start
MegaCli -PDRbld -Start -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN
Rebuild drive stop
MegaCli -PDRbld -Stop -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN
Rebuild drive progress
MegaCli -PDRbld -ShowProg -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN
Clear drive start
MegaCli -PDClear -Start -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN
Clear drive stop
MegaCli -PDClear -Stop -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN
Clear drive progress
MegaCli -PDClear -ShowProg -PhysDrv [E:S] -aN
Bad to good
MegaCli -PDMakeGood -PhysDrv[E:S] -aN

Virtual drive management

Create RAID 0, 1, 5 drive
MegaCli -CfgLdAdd -r(0|1|5) [E:S, E:S, ...] -aN
Create RAID 10 drive
MegaCli -CfgSpanAdd -r10 -Array0[E:S,E:S] -Array1[E:S,E:S] -aN
Remove drive
MegaCli -CfgLdDel -Lx -aN

Controller management

Silence active alarm
MegaCli -AdpSetProp AlarmSilence -aALL
Disable alarm
MegaCli -AdpSetProp AlarmDsbl -aALL
Enable alarm
MegaCli -AdpSetProp AlarmEnbl -aALL

Gather information

Adapter information
MegaCli -AdpAllInfo -aALL
Configuration information
MegaCli -CfgDsply -aALL
Events Information
MegaCli -AdpEventLog -GetEvents -f events.log -aALL && cat events.log
Enclosure information
MegaCli -EncInfo -aALL
Virtual drive information
MegaCli -LDInfo -Lall -aALL
Physical drive list
MegaCli -PDList -aALL
Physical drive list
MegaCli -PDInfo -PhysDrv [E:S] -aALL
Battery backup information
MegaCli -AdpBbuCmd -aALL

MegaCli conventions

Adapter parameter -aN
The parameter -aN (where N is a number starting with zero or the string ALL) specifies the PERC5/i adapter ID. If you have only one controller it’s safe to use ALL instead of a specific ID, but you’re encouraged to use the ID for everything that makes changes to your RAID configuration.
Physical drive parameter -PhysDrv [E:S]
For commands that operate on one or more pysical drives, the -PhysDrv [E:S] parameter is used, where E is the enclosure device ID in which the drive resides and S the slot number (starting with zero). You can get the enclosure device ID using „MegaCli -EncInfo -aALL“. The E:S syntax is also used for specifying the physical drives when creating a new RAID virtual drive (see 5).
Virtual drive parameter -Lx
The parameter -Lx is used for specifying the virtual drive (where x is a number starting with zero or the string all).

Requirements and General Information

DELL’s PowerEdge RAID Controller (PERC) is a special LSI Logic SAS/SATA RAID Controller and thus the LSI management utility called MegaCli also works for this controller. For older controllers like PERC4 and PERC3 please refer to http://linux.dell.com/storage.shtml (keyword DellMgr).

MegaCli is available for Linux, DOS, Windows, Netware and Solaris.
You can get it from LSI’s website (search for MegaRAID SAS) or download it here: http://www.lsi.com/support/downloads/megaraid/miscellaneous/linux/1.01.40_Linux_Cli.zip.

Inside the ZIP file you’ll find an RPM archive which contains the MegaCli and MegaCli64 binaries (will be installed to /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli).

tmux info

?
list bindings
Set pane title
printf '\033]2;%s\033\\' 'title goes here'

Advanced Pane Handling

<space>
toggle through layouts
break-pane
take a pane and make own window
-d
focus stays
resize-pane
resize pane down
(20)
by 20 cells
   
-U (20)
resize up (by 20 cells)
   
-L (20)
resize left (by 20 cells)
   
-R (20)
resize right (by 20 cells)
   
-t 2 20
pane with id 2 down by 20
   
...

Basic Pane Handling

v
split vertically
: split-window
split horizontally
o
go to next pane (down-pane)
q
show pane number, press number to go to
{
move current pane left
}
move current pane right
x
kill pane

Vim like commands

bind s split-window -v
splitting
bind v split-window -h
splitting
bind h select-pane -L
motion keys
bind j select-pane -D
motion keys
bind k select-pane -U
motion keys
bind l select-pane -R
motion keys
setw -g mode-keys vi
vim motion keys while in copy mode
bind - resize-pane -D 1
resize pane down by 1
bind + resize-pane -U 1
resize pane up by 1
bind < resize-pane -L 1
resize pane to left by 1
bind > resize-pane -R 1
resize pane to right by 1

Pane Window Handling

:joinp -s :2
move window 2 into a new pane in the current window
:joinp -t :1
move the current pane into a new pane in window 1

Advanced Window Handling

move-window [ −d] [ −s src-window] [ −t dst-window]
swap-window [ -d] [ -s src-window] [ -t dst-window]

Basic Window Handling

c
new window
,
rename window
n
next window
p
previous window
l
previously selected window
w
list all windows
[0-9]
move to window number [0-9]
f [window name]
find window
: list-windows
list windows
&
kill window
.
move window

customizing tmux

set-option -g prefix C-a
rebind the Ctrl-b prefix to Ctrl-a
-g for global => every window
bind-key C-a last-window
switch to last active window
To use hit Ctrl-a twice
unbind %
Remove default split binding
bind | split-window -h
bind vertical splitting to |
bind – split-window -v
bind horizontal splitting to -
set -g status-bg black
set -g status-fg white
set -g status-left ‘#[fg=green]#H’
beginning of statusbar hostname in green
set-window-option -g window-status-current-bg red
current window shown in red
set -g status-right ‘#[fg=yellow]#(uptime | cut -d “,” -f 2-)’
number of users and load average for computer
setw -g monitor-activity on
highlight window with new activity
set -g visual-activity on
show info on new activity
setw -g automatic-rename on
set window title to current command

Session handling

tmux
start new
tmux new -s myname
start new with name
tmux a -t
reattach session (or at, or attach)
tmux a -t myname
reattach named session
tmux ls
list sessions
tmux kill-session -t myname
kill named session
:new
new session
s
list sessions
$
name session
tmux kill-server
kill server and all sessions

General

Control-a
prefix key (default C-b)
:
interactive dialog (promt)
d
detach session
tmux restore
restore session
: source-file ~/.tmux.conf
reload .tmux.conf
t
big clock
?
list bindings
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